When batteries undergo charging, discharging, or experience internal faults like short circuits, chemical reactions can generate excessive gas—such as hydrogen or carbon dioxide—leading to a rapid increase in internal pressure. Without a release mechanism, this pressure buildup could rupture the battery casing, causing electrolyte leakage, thermal runaway, or even explosions. Here, the explosion-proof valve acts as a pressure relief gateway: it monitors internal pressure and automatically opens when the pressure exceeds a preset threshold, allowing accumulated gases to escape safely. This prevents catastrophic casing failure.

Moreover, the valve is engineered to close once pressure returns to normal levels, preventing external contaminants like dust, moisture, or oxygen from entering the battery. This seal integrity is crucial because foreign substances can react with the electrolyte or internal components, accelerating degradation or triggering new safety hazards.

By combining precise pressure sensing, controlled gas release, and protective sealing, explosion-proof valves create a balanced safety system. They ensure batteries operate within safe pressure and environmental parameters, mitigating risks of damage, leakage, or explosions, thus safeguarding both the battery itself and surrounding equipment and personnel.